Rule outs in small animal medicine

Zusatztext

How to achieve a reliable diagnosis ¿ even in complex clinical cases. For such challenges, veterinary surgeons must know about all the possible pathophysiological causes of a particular clinical problem, be able to evaluate them in individual cases and exclude anything which is not relevant using diagnostic pathways. The `rules out¿ describe this process of exclusion for all aspects of internal medicine in the cat and dog, and ultimately lead to a reliable and secure diagnosis. They form, therefore, an important basis for everyday clinical work and provide a practical guideline for the systematic problem-oriented processing of patients. For students, these `rules out¿ are a prerequisite for understanding veterinary internal medicine. For experienced clinicians, they are a helpful diagnostic guide especially when dealing with complex cases and so can help in solving particularly `knotty¿ problems.

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